Trawler Wrecks WWII

Hms Force Wreck

EX-FRANCISZKA '39, EX-CAPE TARIFA '38, EX-STONEFERRY '34. BUILT IN 1917 BY COCHRANE & SONS LTD, SELBY. SINGLE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 100 N...

Hms Franc Tireur Wreck

BUILT IN 1916. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE, SINGLE SHAFT. HIRED AS MINESWEEPER 1916-19 AND AGAIN FROM 5.1940. LOST FOLLOWING AN E-BOAT ATTACK....

Hms Franc Tireur (Part Of) Wreck

SUNK BY E BOAT.

Hms Francolin Wreck

BOMBED & SUNK BY GERMAN AIRCRAFT.

Hms Ganilly Wreck

MINED. (WW2SL).

Hms Hayburn Wyke Wreck

BUILT IN 1917 ROYAL NAVY MERSEY CLASS TRAWLER IN 1917, NAMED ROBERT BARTON. SOLD 1922 AND RENAMED HAYBURN WYKE. REQUISITIONED AS AUXILLARY PATROL TRAW...

Hms Henriette Wreck

BUILT IN 1906 BY DONN & MEES, ROTTERDAM. AN EX-FRENCH NAVY MINESWEEPER SEIZED AT SOUTHAMPTON IN 7.1940. TAKEN INTO SERVICE IN THE RN WITH THE SAME NAM...

Hms Herring Wreck

SUNK IN COLLISION.

Hms Herring Wreck

BUILT IN 1942 BY COCHRANE. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE, SINGLE SHAFT. CONVERED TO AN ANTI-SUBMARINE VESSEL. FOUNDERED FOLLOWING COLLISION. (SI...

Hms Hickory Wreck

BUILT IN 1940 BY HENRY ROBB, LEITH. OIL ENGINE, SINGLE SHAFT. 1 X 12 PDR GUN. MINED. (SIBI). 25 LIVES LOST.

Hms Hildasay Wreck

VESSEL, BUILT 1941, GROUNDED ON REEF, NEAR KILINDINI. TOTAL LOSS. (WW2SL & SHIPS OF THE ROYAL NAVY) BUILT 1941 BY COOK, WELTON & GEMMEL, BEV...

Hms Horatio Wreck

BUILT IN 1940 BY COOK WELTON & GEMMELL, SUNK BY ITALIAN MTB IN W MED. (COLLEDGE).

Hms Inverclyde Wreck

SANK IN TOW OFF BEACHY HEAD, WAS A PATROL & MINESWEEPER TRAWLER UNDER NAME 'PERIHELION' IN WW1.

Hms Irvana (Part Of) Wreck

EX-AVANTURINE, EX-ARTHUR LESSIMORE. BUILT IN 1917 BY SMITH'S DOCK CO, MIDDLESBROUGH FOR J MARR & SONS LTD. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 87HP...

Hms Jasper (Possibly) Wreck

EX-BALTHASAR. BUILT IN 1932. PURCHASED AS A/S TRAWLER 11.1935. ONE 4 INCH GYN. TORPEDOED BY E-BOAT. (SRN & WW2SL).

Hms Joseph Button Wreck

BUILT IN 1918 BY COOK, WELTON & GEMMELL, HULL FOR J MARR & SON LTD. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 60 NHP, SINGLE SHAFT. MACHINERY BY AMOS & S...

Hms Jura Wreck

VESSEL, TORPEDOED & SUNK BY GERMAN SUBMARINE U-371 IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN. (AXIS SUBMARINE SUCCESSES).

Hms Kennymore (Part Of)(Probably) Wreck

BUILT IN 1914. HIRED AS MINESWEEPER 1915-1919 AND AGAIN FROM 11.1939. MINED. (SRN).

Hms Keryado (Probably) Wreck

5.7.40 EX-FRENCH MINESWEEPER. REQUISITIONED 5.7.40. MINED 6.3.41. 6.3.41 MINED 6.3.41 8M S OF NEWHAVEN WHILST EN ROUTE FROM DOVER & PORTSMO...

Hms Kingston Alalite (Probably) Wreck

PURCHASED BY ADMIRALTY FOR USE AS A/S VESSEL 8.1939. MINED. (WW2SL).

Hms Kingston Beryl Wreck

BUILT IN 1928 BY COOK, WELTON & GEMMEL, BEVERLEY FOR THE KINGSTON STEAM TRAWING CO LTD, HULL. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 96 NHP, SINGLE SH...

Hms Kingston Cairngorm (Possibly) Wreck

BUILT IN 1935 BY COOK, WELTON & GEMMEL, BEVERLEY. TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE, SINGLE SHAFT. 1 X 4 INCH GUN. MINED. HIRED AS AN ANTI-SUBMARINE TRAWLER IN...

Hms Kingston Galena Wreck

BUILT IN 1934 BY COOK, WELLINGTON & GEMMEL, BEVERLY. OWNED AT TIME OF LOSS BY THE ADMIRALTY. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 111HP, SINGLE SHAF...

Hms Kingston Jacinth (Possibly) Wreck

BUILT IN 1929 BY COOK, WELLINGTON & GEMMEL LTD, BEVERELEY. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 96NHP, SINGLE SHAFT. REQUISITIONED 8.1939 AS AN ARME...

Hms Kingston Sapphire (Possibly) Wreck

VESSEL, BUILT 1929, WAS REQUISTIONED BY NAVY AS AN ARMED BOARDING VESSEL AND LATER SUNK BY ITALIAN SUBMARINE 'NANI' WHEN W OF GIBRALTAR. DATE SUNK GIV...

Hms Kopanes Wreck

22.9.14 BUILT IN 1914 BY COOK, WELTON & GEMMEL IN BEVERLEY, YORKSHINRE. LAUNCHED AS SIR JOHN JELLICIOE ON 22.9.14. REGISTERED IN HULL BY THE IMPE...

Hms Kos Xvi (Probably) Wreck

HIRED AS MINESWEEPER WITH NORWEGIAN CREW 7.1940. SANK FOLLOWING A COLLISION.

Hms Lincoln City (Possibly) Wreck

BUILT IN 1933. HIRED AS ANTI- SUBMARINE TRAWLER SEPT 1939. BOMBED & SUNK BY GERMAN AIRCRAFT.

Hms Loch Alsh Wreck

EX-LADY MADELEINE '34, EX-CAMERON '39. BUILT IN 1926 BY COOK, WELTON & GEMMELL, BEVERLEY FOR THE LOCH FISHING CO. REQUISITIONED FROM 12.1939 AS A MINE...

Hms Loch Assater Wreck

BUILT IN 1910 BY J.DUTHIE, S.B.TORRY & CO, ABERDEEN. OWNED AT TIME OF LOSS BY ROYAL NAVY AS A PATROL VESSEL. SINGLE SCREW, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINES OF...

Hms Lord Austin (Possibly) Wreck

MINED. REQUISITIONED FOR USE AS AN ANTI-SUBMARINE VESSEL. (WW2SL).

Hms Lord Hailsham Wreck

BUILT IN 1934 BY COCHRANE & SONS SHIPBUILDERS LTD. PURCHASED IN 1939 AS AN ANTI-SUBMARINE TRAWLER. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 99 NHP, SING...

Hms Lord Hailsham Wreck

SUNK BY GERMAN E-BOAT IN LYME BAY. (LL WW2).

Hms Lord Stamp (Possibly) Wreck

BUILT 1934. HIRED AS A/S TRAWLER AUG 1939. SUNK BY MINE IN THE CHANNEL.

Hms Lord Stonehaven Wreck

BUILT IN 1934. HIRED AS ANTI-SUBMARINE TRAWLER FROM 8.1939. SUNK DURING AN GERMAN E-BOAT ATTACK. PROBABLY TORPEDOED. (SRN).

Hms Lormont Wreck

1.1.1939 BUILT IN 1927. HIRED AS GUARDSHIP FROM 1.1.1939. TWO BOILERS, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE, SINGLE SHAFT. 2 X 12PDR GUNS. LOST FOLLOWING COLLISI...

Hms Lucienne Jeanne Wreck

3.7.40 BUILT IN FRANCE IN 1917. A FREE-FRENCH MINESWEEPER SEIZED 3.7.40. TRANSFERRED TO THE RN 8.1940 WITH FREE-FRENCH CREW. BEACHED AFTER STRIKING...

Hms Ludalady (?Luda Lady) Wreck

BUILT IN 1914. HIRED AS ARMED PATROL SWEEPER FROM 11.1939. CONVERTED TO MINE-SWEEPER FROM 6.1940. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE, SINGLE SHAFT. M...

Hms Manor Wreck

EX-VERDUNOIS, EX-MANOR. BUILT IN 1913 BY J DUTHRIE TORRY SB CO, ABERDEEN. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE, SINGLE SHAFT. 1 X 6PDR GUN MOUTED ON TH...

Hms Manx Prince Wreck

BUILT IN 1910. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE, SINGLE SHAFT. 1 X 6PDR GU. HIRED AS MINESWEEPER 1914-1919 AND AS ARMED PATROL TRAWLER FROM 12.1939...

Hms Marconi Wreck

BUILT IN 1916 BY COCHRANE & SONS. SELBY. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 86HP, SINGLE SHAFT. HIRED AS MINESWEEPER 1917-1919 AND AGAIN FROM 3.19...

Hms Marsona (N Section) Wreck

30.8.39 VESSEL, EX -JAMES CHRISTOPHER, BUILT 1918 BY J P RENNOLDSON & SONS LTD, SOUTH SHIELDS FOR J MARR SONS LTD. HIRED FROM 30.8.39 & CONVERTED...

Hms Marsona (S Section) Wreck

30.8.39 VESSEL, EX-JAMES CHRISTOPHER. BUILT IN 1918 BY J P RENNOLDSON & SONS LTD, SOUTH SHIELDS FOR J MARR SONS LTD. HIRED FROM 30.8.39 AND CONVERTE...

Hms Mastiff Wreck

BUILT IN 1938 BY ROBB, LEITH. PURPOSE BUILT MINESWEEPER BUILT ON A TRAWLER HULL. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF ?950HP, SINGLE SHAFT. 1 X 4 IN...

Hms Mastiff (Possibly) Wreck

BUILT IN 1938 BY ROBB, LEITH. OWNED AT TIME OF LOSS BY THE ROYAL NAVY. PURPOSE BUILT AS A MINESWEEPER, BASED ON A TRAWLER HULL. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXP...

Hms Moravia (Possibly) Wreck

BUILT IN 1917 BY COOK, WELTON & GEMMEL LTD, BEVERLEY FOR THE BOSTON DEEP SEA FISHING & ICE CO. OWNED AT TIME OF LOSS BY THE ADMIRALTY. ONE BOILER, TRI...

Hms Myrtle Wreck

EX-ST IRENE. BUILT IN 1928 BY COOK, WELLINGTON & GEMMEL LTD, BEVERLEY. PURCHASED BY THE ADMIRALTY IN MARCH 1039 AS A MINE SWEEPER. TRIPLE EXPANSION EN...

Hms Nogi Wreck

BUILT IN 1923 BY SMITHS DOCK CO LTD, MIDDLESBOROUGH. HIRED IN 8.39 AS A MINESWEEPER. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 99HP, SINGLE SHAFT. SANK A...

Hms Nordhav Ii (Part Of)(Possibly) Wreck

BUILT IN 1913. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE, SINGLE SHAFT. A NORWEGIAN TRAWLER, IMPOUNDED AFTER THE GERMAN OCCUPATION OF NORWAY. TAKEN INTO SER...

Hms Nordhav Ii (Possibly) Wreck

BUILT IN 1913. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE, SINGLE SHAFT. A NORWEGIAN TRAWLER, IMPOUNDED AFTER THE GERMAN OCCUPATION OF NORWAY. TAKEN INTO SER...

Hms Northcoates Wreck

EX-GEORGE CORTEN, EX-ZENCON, EX-ZIRCON '35. BUILT IN 1918 BY COX & CO ENGINEERING CO LTD, FALMOUTH AS HMS GEORGE CORTEN. DECOMMISSIONED IN 1921 AND RE...

Hms Ormonde Wreck

BUILT IN 1906 BY COCHRANE & SONS, SELBY FOR E BACON. HIRED FROM 11.1940 AS A MINESWEEPER. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 69NHP, SINGLE SHAFT....

Hms Oswaldian Wreck

BUILT IN 1917 BY COOK, WELTON & GEMMEL LTD, BEVERLEY. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 74 NHP, SINGLE SHAFT. MACHINERY BY AMOS & SMITH LTD, HULL...

Hms Othello Wreck

BUILT IN 1907 AS A S TRAWLER. HIRED 1914-1919 AND AS AUXILLARY PATROL VESSEL 11.1939. BOOM GATE VESSEL 8.40. MINED.

Hms Pelton (Probably) Wreck

BUILT IN 1925 BY COOK, WELTON & GEMMEL, BEVERLEY. ORIGINALLY OWNED BY F & T ROSS LTD. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 96NHP, SINGLE SHAFT. MACH...

Hms Peridot Wreck

MINED. (WW2SL). [EX-MANCHESTER CITY. PURCHASED BY ADMIRALTY FOR USE AS AN A/S VESSEL].

Hms Pine Wreck

BUILT IN 1940 BY HALL RUSSEL, ABERDEEN FOR THE RN. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE, SINGLE SHAFT. ONE 12PDR GUN. WAS TORPEDOED AND SUNK BY E-BOAT.

Hms Polly Johnson Wreck

BUILT IN 1919. HIRED AS MINESWEEPER FROM 8.1936. BOMBED AND SUNK BY GERMAN AIRCRAFT. (WW2SL & SRN).

Hms Pyrope Wreck

BUILT IN 1932 BY COOK WELLING GEMMELL LTD. HIRED AS MINESWEEPER FROM 8.1939. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 89NHP, SINGLE SHAFT. ONE 12PDR GUN...

Hms Recoil (Bow Section)(Probably) Wreck

EX-BALNKENBURG. BUILT IN 1938 IN GERMANY. REQUISITIONED FOR NAVAL SERVICE IN MAY 1940 AS AN ANTI-SUBMARINE TRAWER. MINED AND SANK.

Hms Recoil (Stern Section)(Probably) Wreck

EX-BALNKENBURG. BUILT IN 1938 IN GERMANY. REQUISITIONED FOR NAVAL SERVICE IN MAY 1940 AS AN ANTI-SUBMARINE TRAWER. MINED AND SANK.

Hms Refundo Wreck

BUILT IN 1917 BY COOK, WELTON & GEMMEL, BEVERLEY. ORIGINALLY OWNED BY MESSERS G F SLEIGH. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 80NHP, SINGLE SHAFT....

Hms Relonzo Wreck

BUILT IN 1914 BY COOK WELTON & GEMMEL LTD, BEVERELY. OWNED AT TIME OF LOSS BY THE ROYAL NAVY. OEN BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 80 NHP, SINGLE SH...

Hms Resolvo (Part Of) Wreck

BUILT IN 1913 BY COOK WELLINGTON & GEMMEL LTD, BEVERLEY. HIRED 1915-1920 AND AGAIN AS A MINESWEEPER FROM 11.1939. STRUCK A MINE BUT WAS RAN AGOUND AT...

Hms Rifsnes Wreck

BUILT 1932, REQUISITIONED AS A MINESWEEPER. SUNK BY AIRCRAFT OFF OSTENDE. (WW2SL & SHIPS OF ROYAL NAVY)

Hms Rinovia Wreck

BUILT IN 1931. HIRED AS MINESWEEPER 8.1939. MINED.

Hms River Clyde (Possibly) Wreck

BUILT IN 1919. HIRED AS MINESWEEPER AUGUST 1939. MINED.

Hms River Clyde (Possibly) Wreck

BUILT IN 1919. HIRED AS MINESWEEPER AUGUST 1939. MINED.

Hms Roche Bonne Wreck

2.10.40 BUILT IN 1913. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE, SINGLE SHAFT. HIRED AS MINESWEEPER FROM 2.10.40. PASSAGE FROM FALMOUTH. SUNK BY AIR A...

Hms Rodino Wreck

BUILT I 1913 BY COOK, WELLINGTON & GEMMEL LTD, BEVERLEY FOR G F SLEIGHT. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 70 NHP, SINGLE SHAFT. 1 X 12 PDR GUN....

Hms Royalo Wreck

BUILT IN 1916 BY COOK WELTON & GEMMELL, BEVERLEY. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 80 NHP, SINGLE SHAFT. MACHINERY BY C D HOLMES & CO, BEVERLEY....

Hms Rysa Wreck

BUILT MARCH 1941 BY COCHRANE. SUNK BY MINE OFF MADDALENA, SARDINIA. (WW2SL & BVLAS 1939-45, SHIPS OF THE ROYAL NAVY).

Hms Sea King Wreck

MINED. (WW2SL).

Hms Silicia Wreck

BUILT IN 1901 BY COOK, WELTON & GEMMEL. BEVERELY. HIRED 1914-1919 AS ARMED PATROL VESSEL. HIRED AGAIN AS MINESWEEPER FROM 8.1939. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE E...

Hms Sisapon Wreck

BUILT IN 1928 BY COOK, WELTON & GEMMEL, BEVERLEY. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 92NHP, SINGLE SHAFT. MACHINERY BY AMOS, SMITH LTD, HULL. HIRE...

Hms Solomon Wreck

BUILT IN 1928. HIRED AS MINESWEEPER 8.1939. MINED.

Hms St Achilleus (Possibly) Wreck

BUILT IN 1934. HIRED AS ANTI-SUBMARINE TRAWLER 8.1939. MINED. (WW2SL & SRN).

Hms St Donats Wreck

BUILT IN 1924. HIRED AS MINESWEEPER 8.1939. SUNK IN COLLISION.

Hms Star Of Devoran Wreck

20.10.41 EX- MARY BUCHAN '38, EX- MERELETON '34, EX- NOORDZEE-II, EX- STAR OF PEACE. BUILT IN 1915 BY HALL, RUSSEL & CO, ABERDEEN. ORIGINALLY OWNED...

Hms Staunton Wreck

BUILT IN 1908 BY COOK, WELLINGTON & GEMMEL LTD, BEVERLEY. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 89NHP, SINGLE SHAFT. HIRED AS MINESWEEPER 1914-1920....

Hms Stella Dorado Wreck

AN A/S TRAWLER. SUNK BY E BOAT DURING EVACUATION FROM DUNKIRK. (WW2SL).

Hms Stella Orion Wreck

BUILT IN 1935. HIRED AS MINESWEEPER 11.1939. MINED. (WW2SL & COLLEDGE).

Hms Strathborve Wreck

BUILT IN 1930 BY HALL, RUSSEL & CO. HIRED AS MINSWEEPER 8.1940. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 60HP, SINGLE SHAFT. 1 X 12PDR GUN. MINED. LATER...

Hms Strathborve (Part) Wreck

BUILT IN 1930 BY HALL, RUSSEL & CO. HIRED AS MINSWEEPER 8.1940. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 60HP, SINGLE SHAFT. 1 X 12PDR GUN. MINED. LATER...

Hms Stronsay Wreck

VESSEL, BUILT 1942 AT INGLIS. SUNK BY EXPLOSION, PROBABLY MINE, OFF PHILIPPEVILLE [SKIKDA], WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN. (BVLAS WWII). VESSEL SUNK BY ITALIA...

Hms Susarion Wreck

BUILT IN 1916. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE, SINGLE SHAFT. 1 X 12PDR GUN. HIRED 1917-1919 AND AGAIN IN 6.1904 AS AN ARMED PATROL TRAWLER. BOMBE...

Hms Sword Dance Wreck

BUILT IN 1940 BY ROBB. TAKEN UP BY THE ADMIRALTY AS AN ANTI-SUBMARINE TRAWLER. 1 X 4 INCH AND 3 X 20MM GUNS. SINGLE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE, S...

Hms Tamarisk Wreck

EX-ST GATIEN. BUILT IN 1925. PURCHASED AS MINESWEEPER 8.1939. ONE X 4 INCH GUN. BOMBED AND SUNK BY GERMAN AIRCRAFT.

Hms Tervani Wreck

VESSEL, BUILT 1930, REQUISITIONED BY THE RN AS A/P SHIP, THEN LATER AS MINESWEEPER, WAS TORPEDOED AND SUNK BY ITALIAN SUBMARINE 'ACCIAIO' WHEN OFF CAP...

Hms Texas Wreck

AMERICAN VESSEL, PURCHASED AS AUXILIARY PATROL TRAWLER IN 1940, SUNK IN COLLISION OFF JAMAICA. (COLLEDGE & WW2SL).

Hms Thomas Connolly Wreck

29.11.1917 BUILT IN 1918 BY COOK, WELLINGTON & GEMMELL LTD. COMPLETED FOR THE ADMIRALTY 29.11.1917 AND SOLD OUT OF SERVICE. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPAN...

Hms Thuringia Wreck

VESSEL BUILT AUG' 1939. MINED. (SRN).

Hms Thuringia (Possibly) Wreck

BUILT IN 1933. PURCHASED AS A/S TRAWLER 8.1939. MINED. (SRN).

Hms Tilburyness Wreck

BUILT IN 1918, HIRED AS MINESWEEPER 9.39. SUNK BY AIRCRAFT.

Hms Topaze Wreck

VESSEL, [EX-MELBOURNE], BUILT 1935 WITH 3 CYLINDER TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE, 1 BOILER, SINGLE SHAFT. ARMED WITH ONE 4INCH GUN. SANK FOLLOWING A COLLISI...

Hms Tourmaline Wreck

EX-BERKSHIRE. BUILT IN 1935. PURCHASED BY THE ADMIRALTY AND ARMED IN 11.1935. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE, SINGLE SHAFT. SUNK BY GERMAN AIRCRA...

Hms Tranio Wreck

BUILT OF WOOD IN 1918 BY HEPPLE & CO LTD, SOUTH SHIELDS. OWNED AT TIME OF LOSS BY THE ADMIRALTY. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 61HP, SINGLE S...

Hms Tranquil Wreck

SANK FOLLOWING A COLLISION OFF DEAL. (WW2 LOSSES OF RN SHIPS).

Hms Transvaal (Possibly) Wreck

BUILT IN 1916 BY COCHRANE & SONS LTD, SELBY. ONE BOILER, TRIPLE EXPANSION ENGINE OF 88NHP, SINGLE SHAFT. MACHINERY BY AMOS & SMITH LTD, HULL. WHEN NEW...

Hms Tunisian Wreck

BUILT IN 1930. HIRED AS BOOM DEFENCE VESSEL 10.1939. MINED. (WW2SL & COLLEDGE).